6th sem English Kashmir University study material pdf download BY JKCROWN

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Short answer 

(a,b,c) 

The author is of view that globalization is not a recent phenomenon started by the west 

but a cultural and intellectual exchange between mankind that has been going on for ages. 

It can be attributed to the East as well as West. The achievements of the Renaissance, the 

Enlightenment and the industrial Revolution were western. They occurred mainly in 

Europe and later in America. The another talks about Arab mathematician Mohammad 

Ibn Musa –al- Kharimmi who flourished in the first half of the ninth century. There were 

major developments in the East in which the west was not even involved. The progress 

of global science and technology was not an exclusively west-led phenomenon. The 

printing of the world’s first book was a marvelously globalised event. The technology of 

printing was of course an achievement of the Chinese. But the content of the book came 

from India. The first printed book was an Indian Sanskrit treatise. It was translated into 

Chinese by a half-Turk. Macaullay’s system of education was not favored in India in the 

beginning. Both sides however accepted the fundamental division between the two 

separate civilizations.