NCERT Compilations | Oceanography for General Studies JKSSB, JKPSC, IAS, IPS And Other Competitive Exams Download Free Pdf Here.
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The physical characteristics of the sea surface: Boiling point of the sea water is increased in the case of higher salinity and vice versa (if Salinity is increased ➔ Boiling point will increase ➔ Evaporation will decrease). The presence of submarine ridges and sills: Temperature is affected due to lesser mixing of waters on the opposite sides of the ridges or sills (e.g. subsurface layers in Mediterranean Sea).
• The shape of the ocean (enclosed seas): enclosed seas in the low latitudes record relatively higher temperature than the open seas (due to less mixing and higher overall insolation); whereas the enclosed seas in the high latitudes have lower temperature than the open seas.
E.g. Mediterranean Sea records higher temperature than the longitudinally extensive Gulf of California.
Prevalent winds generate horizontal and sometimes vertical ocean currents: The winds blowing from the land towards the oceans (off-shore winds: moving away from the shore) drive warm surface
