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Environment JKSSB Notes PDF JKSSB Study Notes JK Crown JKSSB
1.1 Environment
• Environmentisthe natural componentinwhich biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living)factorsinteract among themselves and with each other.
• These interactions shape the habitat and ecosystem of anorganism.
• In biological sense, environment constitutes the physical (nutrients, water, air) and biological factors (biomol- ecules, organisms) along with their chemical interactions (chemical cycles – carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle etc.) that affect an organism or a group oforganisms.
• All organisms are dependent on the environment to carry out their natural life processes and to meet their physical requirements (food, energy, water, oxygen, shelteretc.).
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Biosphere
• Thebiosphereisthebiological component(supporting life) of earthwhichincludesthe lithosphere, hy-drosphere and atmosphere.
Thebiosphereincludesall livingorganismsonearth,together withthe deadorganic matter producedby them.
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Biosphere (Source)
• Biosphere is absent at extremes of the North and South poles, the highest mountains and the deepest oceans, since existinghostileconditionstheredonotsupportlife(life is thecharacteristic feature of bio- sphere).
• Occasionally spores of fungi and bacteria do occur at great height beyond 8,000 metres, but they are meta- bolically inactive, and hence represent only dormantlife.
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Habitat
• Habitat is the physical environment in which an organism lives (address of an organism).
• Many habitats make up the environment.
• Asingle habitatmay be common formore than one organismwhich have similarrequirements.
• For example, asingle aquatichabitatmay support a fish,frog, crab, phytoplanktonandmany others.
