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The compound we know as benzene was first isolated in 1825 by Michael Faraday,
chemists suggested that it should be called “pheno” from the Greek word phainein (“to
shine”). In 1834, Eilhardt Mitscherlich correctly determined benzene’s molecular formula
and decided to call it benzin because of its relationship to benzoic acid, a known
substituted form of the compound. Later its name was changed to benzene. Compounds
like benzene, which have relatively few hydrogens in relation to the number of carbons, are typically found in oils produced by trees and other plants. Early chemists called such compounds aromatic compounds because of their pleasing fragrances. In this way, they were distinguished from aliphatic compounds, with higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratios, that were obtained from the chemical degradation of fats. The chemical meaning of the word “aromatic” now signifies certain kinds of chemical structures. We will now examine
the criteria that a compound must satisfy to be classified as aromatic.
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